Res Ipsa Loquitur
非(fēi)常喜歡法律英語中時(shí)不時蹦出的拉丁文。每次看到,都好像(xiàng)自己是在邂逅聖古先賢,並能感受到字母的亙古氣息。今天就來(lái)分享Res Ipsa Loquitur, 翻(fān)譯過來就是事(shì)實自證。
The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur requires the plaintiff to show that:
1. the accident causing the injury is a type that would not normally occur unless someone was negligence.
2. the negligence is probably attributable to the defendant (e.g., the instrumentality causing the injury was in the exclusive control of the defendant).
事實自證理論需要原告證明:
1. 致傷事故正常情(qíng)況(kuàng)下是不可能發生的(de),除非(fēi)是基於某些人(rén)的(de)過失。
2. 過失很可能是歸因於被告(gào)(比如說被告是(shì)致害工具的(de)唯一控製人)。
For example, a vase fell from a window in D’s building, landing on P. Despite lack of direct proof of breach, because the vase does not normally fall out of windows unless D is negligent and because D had control of the vase.
例如:一個花瓶從被(bèi)告房子的(de)窗戶裏飛出來砸到原告。盡管沒有直接過錯證據,但原告可以證明,如果不是被告的過失以及被告是這個花瓶(píng)的唯一控製人,通常情況下,這個花瓶是(shì)不可能從窗口裏飛出來的。
Given that res ipsa loquitur is a permissible inference,the plaintiff can still lose if the inference of negligence is rejected by the trier of fact.
鑒於事實自證是一種可允許的推理,如果事實審判者否定這一過失推理,原告依(yī)然有可能敗(bài)訴。
In product liability cases, the plaintiff may invoke res ipsa loquitur if the defect is something that would not usually occur without the manufacture’s negligence. However, it is very difficult to hold intermediaries liable for negligence because they can usually satisfy their duty through a cursory inspection, unless the intermediary’s conduct exceeds ordinary foreseeable negligence.
在產(chǎn)品責任案件中,原告可以使(shǐ)用事實自證,如果(guǒ)產品缺陷不會發生(shēng)除非生產商(shāng)存在過失。但是很難追究中間商的過失責任,因為他們通常可以通過粗略的檢查來履行義務,除非他們的行(háng)為超(chāo)出了通常(cháng)可(kě)預見的過失。
作者介紹
延彬彬(bīn)律(lǜ)師
現為上海(hǎi)律宏(hóng)律(lǜ)師事務所合夥人律師,民革(gé)黨員(yuán)。先後(hòu)被評為民(mín)革上海(hǎi)市委三(sān)八紅(hóng)旗手、民革普陀區委先進個人,並在第一屆上海律師學術大賽中獲(huò)“代理詞評選”優秀獎,持有證券從業資格證、上(shàng)海市知識產(chǎn)權工作者證等。
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